Pengaruh Variasi Konsentrasi Gelatin Sisik Ikan Nila (Oreochromis Niloticus) terhadap Sifat Fisik Sediaan Masker Peel-Off Ekstrak Etanol Rimpang Jahe Merah (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe)

Abstract

Background: Premature aging is damage that occurs to the skin due to free radicals. Red ginger rhizome contains flavonoid compounds namely gingerol, shogaol and resin which have antioxidant activity so as to prevent premature aging. Peel-off masks have the ability to cleanse and remove dead skin cells on the face where regular use can reduce fine wrinkles on the face. Gelatin has the power to gel well and forms a thin elastic layer so that it can be used as a gelling agent in peel-off masks. Objective: To formulate and evaluate a peel-off mask containing ethanol extract of red ginger rhizome with tilapia scales gelatin base and perform anti-aging testing on facial skin. Methods: The research method include the preparation of ethanol extract of red ginger rhizome by maceration method using 70% ethanol solvent. Phytochemical screening was conducted on simplisia and ethanol extract of red ginger rhizome. Peel-off mask preparations were formulated with varying concentrations of 3% gelatin (F0), 1% (F1), 2% (F2), 3% (F3) and without gelatin (F4) as well as the addition of 5% red ginger rhizome ethanol extract to formulas F1, F2, F3 and F4. The peel-off mask preparations were evaluated including organoleptic test, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, spreadability, adhesiveness, drying time, stability test, irritation test and anti-aging activity test on volunteer skin using a skin analyser with parameters of moisture, pores, spots and wrinkles. Treatment was carried out by using peel-off masks twice a week for four weeks. Data was then analysed using statistical tests, namely Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test. Results: The results of phytochemical screening of simplisia and ethanol extract of red ginger rhizome showed the presence of alkaloid compounds, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, saponins and steroids. The peel-off mask preparation has a distinctive smell of ginger, homogeneous, pH 5,01-5,63, viscosity 2115 cPs-2637 cPs, diameter of spreadability 5,66-6,18 cm, adhesion 5-12 seconds, drying time 20-26 minutes, stable for 12 weeks of storage at room temperature and does not irritate the skin. Anti-aging activity testing showed that F0 (blank) with F1, F2, F3 and F4 had significant differences in restoring facial skin conditions (p<0,05). Conclusion: Ethanol extract of red ginger rhizome can be formulated as a peel-off mask preparation with tilapia scales gelatin base. The peel-off mask of ethanol extract of red ginger with gelatin base has anti-aging activity on facial skin. The higher the concentration of gelatin, the higher the viscosity and adhesiveness, the lower the pH, spreadability and drying time. The best peel-off mask preparation is at 2% gelatin concentration (F2).