Formulasi dan Evaluasi Sediaan Patch Antiacne dari Tea Tree Oil (Melaleuca Alternifolia) dengan Kombinasi Polimer Gelatin dan Kitosan

Abstract

Background: Indonesia is a tropical country so people are prone to skin disorders such as acne. Tea tree oil has the main content of terpinene-4-ol which is useful as an antibacterial in treating acne. Patches are an innovation in topical preparations that can improve compliance, provide long-lasting effects in 4-6 hours, increase safety and comfort for consumers whose drug release is controlled by polymers. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) formulated in patch with a combination of gelatin and chitosan polymers. Methods: The research conducted was experimental research. The research was carried out with the stages of preparing tilapia fish scale gelatin with the acid method, yield test, organoleptic tests, pH test, viscosity test, moisture content test, ash content test and gel strength test, patch preparation formulation using the solvent casting method with polymer variations of market fish scale gelatin, namely F1 5%, F2 7.5%, F3 10%, F4 12.5% and tilapia fish scale gelatin F5 5%. Evaluation tests of patch preparations carried out in the form of organoleptic tests, pH tests, weight uniformity tests, folding resistance tests, thickness tests, drying shrinkage tests, moisture absorption tests, and antibacterial activity tests of patch preparations using the disc diffusion method against Propionibacterium acne bacteria. Results: The resulting tilapia scales gelatin has characteristics in the form of fine powder, yellowish white in color, typical gelatin odor, yield of 5.02%, pH of 6.36, viscosity of 1.85 cP, moisture content of 6.62%, ash content of 3.10%, and gel strength of 50.8342 bloom. The patches produced have good characteristics including organoleptic in the form of solid, elastic-very elastic, sticky, oil odor, transparent, and pale yellow in color, pH of 5.45-6.04, weight uniformity of 0.0208- 0.0471 gr with coefficient of variation 0.10-1.85%, folding resistance >300 folds, thickness of 0.32-0.50 mm, drying shrinkage of 3.89-8.83%, and moisture absorption of 2.77-8.04%. The results of antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acne bacteria showed an inhibition zone in F1 of 14,45 ± 1,35 mm, F2 of 14,16 ± 1,00 mm, F3 of 13,81 ± 0,44 mm, F4 of 13,00 ± 0,42 and F5 of 14,63 ± 0,55 mm. Conclusion: The patch preparations of tea tree oil produced fulfills the requirements of the antibacterial activity testing evaluation test on F1 and F5 showing optimal bacterial inhibition on acne-causing bacteria, namely Propionibacterium acne.