Karakterisasi Karbon Aktif dari Ampas Tebu Menggunakan Aktivator HCl dan H2SO4 sebagai Adsorben Logam Berat Timbal (Pb)

Abstract

A research study has been conducted on the preparation and characterization of activated carbon from sugarcane bagasse as an adsorbent for lead (Pb) ions in well water. The preparation of activated carbon involved carbonization at 250°C for 2.5 hours. The carbonized carbon was then chemically activated using H2SO4 9% and HCl 5% activators. The activation process was carried out by dissolving 20 grams of sugarcane bagasse carbon into 250 ml of using H2SO4 9% and HCl 5% activators. The adsorption of lead (Pb) ions was studied by varying the mass, contact time, and initial concentration of lead (Pb) ions. The activated carbon produced was characterized for moisture content, ash content, volatile matter content, and fixed carbon content to determine the quality of the activated carbon according to SNI standards. The results of the characterization of moisture content, ash content, volatile matter content, and fixed carbon content for all three samples met the quality requirements for activated carbon according to SNI 06-3730-1995. FTIR characterization was also performed to identify the functional groups. The FTIR characterization results showed that the activated carbon from sugarcane bagasse has O-H, C-H, C-O, and C=C functional groups. XRD characterization was also performed to examine the structure of the activated carbon. The results of the XRD characterization of the adsorbent showed diffraction peaks for carbon, H2SO4 5% activated activated carbon, and HCl 9% activated activated carbon. All three samples tested by XRD showed that the samples have a crystalline structure and an orthorhombic crystal system. This proves the presence of pores in the samples, making them suitable for use as adsorbents in this study. SEM characterization was also performed to observe the surface morphology of the activated carbon. The results showed that the activated carbon had successfully formed pores on the carbon and activated carbon, which can be used as adsorbents. The results of this study showed an optimum percentage of Pb adsorption of 86.44%. This optimum value proves that activated carbon activated with HCl 9% can reduce the concentration of Pb metal ions in well water with an adsorption time of 60 minutes and a Pb solution concentration after adsorption of 0.066 mg/L. Based on this optimum result, it can be stated that sugarcane bagasse activated carbon at 250°C activated with HCl 9% can be an effective adsorbent for Pb metal ions in well water samples in this study