Uji Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Bidara terhadap Bakteri Propionibacterium acnes dan Staphylococcus aureus Perbandingan Potensi Ekstrak Etanol, Ekstrak Kaya Polifenol dan Kombinasi

Abstract

Background: Bidara contains phenols, flavonoids, saponins and tannins that were useful as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial. The ethanol extract was fractionated using chloroform and ethyl acetate to maximize the withdrawal of polyphenol compounds to obtain polyphenol-rich extracts. The ethanol extract and polyphenol-rich extract were then combined to enhance antibacterial activity. Objective: To compare the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract, polyphenol-rich extract and the combination against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus and see the effect of the combination of extracts. Methods: Ethanol extract was prepared by maceration followed by fractionation of the extract with chloroform and ethyl acetate solvents to obtain polyphenol-rich extract. The ethanol extract and polyphenol-rich extract were combined in a ratio of (1:1 v/v). The antibacterial activity of the extracts was tested by disc diffusion against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus and the effect of the combination was observed. Results: The results of antibacterial testing of ethanol extracts against Propionibacterium acnes obtained MIC at a concentration of 6.25 mg/mL with an inhibition zone diameter of 7.0 mm and on Staphylococcus aureus obtained MIC at a concentration of 3.125 mg/mL with an inhibition zone diameter of 7.8 mm. Meanwhile, the polyphenol-rich extract obtained MIC at a concentration of 3.125 mg/mL with an inhibition zone diameter of 8.2 mm and 8.5 mm for Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, respectively. Conclusion: There was an increase in inhibition zone diameter of ethanol extract, polyphenol-rich extract. The combined effect of the extracts was antagonistic to Propionibacterium acnes bacteria and additive to Staphylococcus aureus.