Formulasi dan Uji Potensi Tabir Surya Gel Ekstrak Etanol Daun Asam Jawa (Tamarindus indica L.)

Abstract

Background: Tamarind leaves contain phenol and flavonoids compounds which are able to absorb UVA and UVB rays, thereby reducing their intensity on the skin and avoiding the negative effects of radiation. Gel preparations have the advantage of being non-sticky, easy to absorb, and provide a cooling sensation when used. Objective: Formulated tamarind leaves (Tamarindus indica L.) as a stable gel preparation and tested its potential as a sunscreen. Methods: Tamarind leaf dry powder was prepared by drying process, then carried out the characterization test and phytochemical screening. Extraction of tamarind leaves was carried out by maceration method using 70% ethanol and then examined for characterization. The formulation of gel preparations used CMC Na as gel base with various concentrations of tamarind leaf extract (2.5%; 5%; 7.5%). Evaluation of gel preparations in the form of organoleptic observations, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, dispersibility, adhesion, stability, and irritation. Then a sunscreen potency test was carried out, namely the Sun Protection Factor value, percent transmission of erythema and percent transmission of pigmentation. Results: The results of the characteristics of tamarind leaf dry powder, namely water content, water soluble essence, ethanol soluble essence, total ash, acid insoluble ash were respectively 7.99, 31.42, 23.39, 5.24, and 1.32%. The results of the characteristics of tamarind leaf extract, namely water content, total ash and acid insoluble ash, were 15.99, 1.24 and 0.35%. Tamarind leaf dry powder contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids and glycosides. The resulting gel preparation was homogeneous, had pH 5.48-5.06, spreadability 5.80-5.33 cm, stickiness 6.43-14.66 seconds, viscosity 8150.60-15358.40 cP, stable during 12 weeks of storage, and non-irritating. The ethanol extract gel preparation of tamarind had a Sun Protection Factor value of 5.4331-21.1736, percent transmission of erythema 7.0506-0.0053% and percent transmission of pigmentation 8.4456-0.0068%. Conclusion: Tamarind leaf ethanol extract can be formulated in gel preparations that are stable during storage and have potential as a sunscreen.