Formulasi Sediaan Facial Wash Ekstrak Daun Pegagan (Centella asiatica L.) dan Aktivitasnya sebagai Antibakteri terhadap Propionibacterium acnes dan Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

Background: Acne is an inflammation that occurs due to excessive oil production, clogged skin pores, and acne-triggering bacteria. Pegagan leaf extract (Centella asiatica L.) contains flavonoids, tannins, steroids, and saponins that have antibacterial potential and asiaticoside compounds that can stimulate collagen formation in the skin. Pegagan leaf extract is made into a facial wash preparation that can reduce excess oil and bacteria on facial skin. Objective: This study aimed to formulate a facial wash preparation of pegagan leaf extract that meets the physical evaluation requirements for facial wash preparations and analyze the effect of pegagan leaf extract concentration on the antibacterial activity of Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus. Methods: Pegagan leaf extract was extracted by maceration method, antibacterial activity test was conducted on the extract, facial wash preparations were made with various concentrations F0(blank), F1(5%), F2(7,5%), F3(10%). Physical evaluation of the preparation in the form of organoleptic test, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, foam height, cleaning power, cycling test, and stability at room temperature for 12 weeks. Irritation test was conducted on volunteers. Antibacterial activity testing of facial wash preparations was carried out against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus by agar diffusion method. Results: The facial wash preparation of pegagan leaf extract met the physical evaluation requirements. The results of the antibacterial activity test of facial wash preparations on F0(blank) showed moderate inhibition against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterial activity test results against Propionibacterium acnes showed strong inhibition in F1(5%), F2(7,5%), F3(10%) which were 12,76±0,12 mm, 13,30±0,08 mm, 14,20±0,08 mm, and against Staphylococcus aureus showed strong inhibition in F1(5%), F2(7,5%), F3(10%) which were 12,83±0,55 mm, 13,93±0,41 mm, 14,90±0,43 mm, respectively. The diameter of bacterial inhibition in F1(5%), F2(7,5%), F3(10%) was different (p<0,05) with F0 (blank) against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusion: Concentration of pegagan leaf extract 5%, 7,5%, 10% in facial wash preparation affects the antibacterial activity of Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus. Facial wash preparation 10% concentration showed antibacterial activity with the highest inhibition diameter compared to the 5% and 7,5% concentrations.