Potensi Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca CH4 dari Tempat Pemrosesan Akhir (TPA) Sampah Tanjung Pinggir, Kota Pematangsiantar

Abstract

One of the greenhouse gases contributing to climate change is CH4, generated from landfill waste. CH4 emissions from waste result from the anaerobic decomposition of organic materials within the waste. Increasing landfill heights in unprocessed landfill sites can lead to greater CH4 emissions. The aim of this research is to quantify the CH4 gas emissions produced, project the CH4 emissions from Tanjung Pinggir Landfill Site over the next 10 years, and determine efforts to reduce CH4 emissions at Tanjung Pinggir Landfill Site. CH4 emissions calculations utilize the IPCC Waste Model Calculation formula of 2006 with Tier-2. Research results indicate that CH4 emissions produced at Tanjung Pinggir Landfill Site in 2024 amount to 0.317 tons of CH4 or equivalent to 7.93 tons of CO2e from a total waste of 42,720.62 tons. Projected CH4 emissions from Tanjung Pinggir Landfill Site over the next 10 years continue to increase. By 2033, CH4 emissions are projected to reach 0.363 tons of CH4 or equivalent to 9.1 tons of CO2e from a total waste of 48,646.16 tons. Efforts to reduce CH4 emissions in the waste sector at Tanjung Pinggir Landfill Site can be achieved through several scenarios including composting, maggot farming, and biogas utilization. Under scenario 1 (composting), CH4 emissions at Tanjung Pinggir Landfill Site could be reduced to 0.199 tons of CH4 or equivalent to 4.975 tons of CO2e in 2024. The percentage reduction in CH4 emissions from composting activities from 2024 to 2033 is 37.22%. Under scenario 2 (biogas), CH4 emissions at Tanjung Pinggir Landfill Site could be reduced to 0.215 tons of CH4 or equivalent to 5.375 tons of CO2e in 2024. The percentage reduction in CH4 emissions from biogas utilization activities from 2024 to 2033 is 32.17%. Under scenario 3 (maggot farming), CH4 emissions at Tanjung Pinggir Landfill Site could be reduced to 0.282 tons of CH4 or equivalent to 7.05 tons of CO2e in 2024. The percentage reduction in CH4 emissions from maggot farming activities from 2024 to 2033 is 11.04%. Therefore, the ranking of CH4 emission reduction based on highest to lowest criteria is scenario 1 (composting), scenario 3 (maggot farming), and scenario 2 (biogas) with respective scores of 14, 11, and 9, considering criteria such as percentage emission reduction, investment cost, operational sustainability, and environmental friendliness