Formulasi dan Uji Efektivitas Sediaan Losion Antinyamuk Minyak Cengkeh (Syzigium aromaticum) dan Minyak Nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth.)

Abstract

Background : Diethyltoluamide (DEET) as a repellent or synthetic anti-mosquito, has side effects and toxicity to the environment. Clove oil contains eugenol compound which has insecticidal properties and patchouli oil contains patchouli alcohol which is fixative. The lotion form was chosen because it is easier to use and stays on the skin longer, so it can provide a longer-lasting anti-mosquito effect. Objective : This research aimed to formulate a lotion preparation containing clove oil as an active substance with patchouli oil as a fixative and to evaluate the anti-mosquito effectiveness of the lotion preparation. Methods : The research stages included: formulation of anti-mosquito lotion preparations with 10% clove oil for each formula and patchouli oil 0% (F1), 5% (F2), 10% (F3), and without any oil addition (F0) as negative control; evaluation of the anti-mosquito lotion preparation including organoleptic, homogeneity, emulsion type, spreadability, centrifugation, pH, and viscosity; stability of the lotion preparation at room temperature storage and cycling test; preparation of test mosquitoes; irritation testing on volunteers; and determination of the effectiveness of the anti-mosquito lotion preparation. Results : The resulting anti-mosquito lotion preparations were white in F0, yellowish white in F1, creamy white in F2, cream in F3, which had a distinctive odor and thick. The lotion appeared homogeneous; emulsion type o/w; spreadability 5.10 - 6.80 cm; no phase separation in the centrifugation test; pH 6.44 - 6.81; viscosity 11833,90 - 6375 cP; stable at room temperature and cycling test, and non-irritating. The anti-mosquito lotion preparation has a protection index of 80.76% - 96.19%. The commercial anti-mosquito lotion had a protection index value of 97.62% and F3 had a close protection index value of 96.19%. Conclusion : Clove oil and patchouli oil can be formulated as a lotion preparation that meets the lotion preparation requirements. Clove oil at a concentration of 10% with the addition of 5% and 10% patchouli oil is effective as an anti-mosquito lotion which has a protection index of 90.56% and 96.19%.