Resistensi Bakteri Gram Negatif Penyebab Diare Asal Feses Siamang (Symphalangus Syndactylus) di Sumatran Rescue Alliance (SRA) terhadap Beberapa Antibiotik

Abstract

Diarrhea is one of the problems that can threaten the lives of gibbons (Symphalangus syndactylus) named Pebro and Kiting at SRA, especially when antibiotics are not effective in curing this disease because both gibbons still have diarrhea in the period from October 2023 to May 2024. This study aims to determine the resistance of Gram-negative bacteria from the feces of gibbons in SRA to several antibiotics, and to determine the types of Gram-negative bacteria that are resistant to several antibiotics tested. Isolation of bacteria from gibbon feces was carried out using Nutrient Agar (NA) and Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMBA) media. Bacterial colonies growing on EMBA media were characterized morphologically, by Gram characteristics and IMVIC biochemical tests, and then continued with sensitivity testing to the antibiotics Amoxicillin 25 μg, Tetracycline 30 μg, and Chloramphenicol 30 μg using the Agar Diffusion (Kirby-Bauer) method. Bacterial isolates that were resistant to the three test antibiotics were then identified and tested for sensitivity against the antibiotic database in Vitek-2 Compact. The total number of Gram-negative bacteria obtained in the feces of the gibbon named Pebro was 36%, and in the gibbon named Kiting was 31% of the total bacteria. Isolation produced nine isolates of Gram-negative bacteria that differed morphologically and in the biochemical properties of IMVIC. Almost all isolates were sensitive to the three antibiotics tested, except isolate PB04 which showed resistance to all three antibiotics and isolate KT02 showed resistance to the antibiotic Chloramphenicol and was intermediate to the antibiotic Amoxicillin. The results of the sensitivity test for isolates PB04 and KT02 by Vitek-2 Compact showed that isolate PB04 was resistant to 63% of the antibiotics from all antibiotics tested, while isolate KT02 was resistant to 9% of antibiotics from all antibiotics tested. The results of identification by Vitek-2 Compact showed that isolate PB04 was identified as Enterobacter cloacae complex and isolate KT02 was identified as Acinetobacter baumannii.