Efektivitas Ekstrak Kulit Buah Naga (Hylocereus polyrhizus) terhadap Penurunan Kadar Glukosa Darah pada Hewan Uji yang Diinduksi Fruktosa

Abstract

Background: Data of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) in 2021, Indonesia ranks fifth with the number of diabetics of 19.47 million with the prevalence of diabetes in Indonesia of 10.6%. This is estimated to increase to 592 million in 2035. The increase in cases of diabetes mellitus from year to year suggests that serious attention is needed in the treatment of the disease. The use of traditional medicine is one of the alternatives in the treatment of diabetes. The ability of the dragon’s skin to lower blood glucose levels is due to its antioxidant activity, especially the flavonoid content of the fruit. The red dragon skin has the strongest antioxidative activity among other parts, which is 85.32 10.24 using ethanol solvent. The flavonoid mechanism in dragonfruit skin, especially quercetin, in lowering blood glucose levels, is to inhibit GLUT 2 of the intestinal mucosa, which can decrease glucosa absorption. Objective: This study aims to find out the content and effectiveness of the extract of the dragon skin (Hylocereus polyrhizus) in providing a decrease in blood glucose levels. Methods: This study was conducted experimentally using 25 male mice. The animals were first adclimatized and then measured their initial oral glucose tolerance. The mice were modeled for hyperglycaemia by induction of 20% fructose solution in doses of 2 g/kgBW for 4 weeks, followed by blood glucose levels. Data analysis using the ONE WAY ANOVA test and continued with the post-hoc Tukey HSD test. Results: Results show that treating with dragon fruit peel extract of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kgBW is able to lower animal blood glucose levels, after induction of 20% fructose solution. Conclusions: The results of the study concluded that the extract of dragon fruit peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus) doses 100, 200 and 400 mg/kgBW had effectiveness as a reduction in blood glucose levels in test animals induced by 20% fructose solution and doses of 200 mg/kgBW had an effect of decreasing blood sugar levels that was almost equal to a positive control.