Formulasi dan Uji Efektivitas Nanoemulsi Kombinasi Ekstrak Etanol Buah Apel Hijau (Malus domestica Borkh.) dan Minyak Kemiri (Aleurites moluccana (L.) Wild.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Rambut Tikus Jantan

Abstract

Background: Candlenut oil contains polyphenols, oleic acid, and linoleic acid which can stimulate hair growth and accelerate hair growth. Apples contain procyanin B-2 which can enhance the activity of hair follicle cell growth and stimulate the transition of the hair cycle from the telogen phase to the anagen phase. Nanoemulsion in cosmetic formulations provides rapid penetration of active ingredients through the skin. Objective: The purpose of this research was to formulate and evaluate the physical quality of a nanoemulsion preparation combining ethanol extract of green apple and candlenut oil, as well as to test its effectiveness in stimulating hair growth in male rats. Method: The simplicia of green apple fruit be dried and then subjected to phytochemical screening and characterization. The extract of green apple fruit made using the maceration method. Nanoemulsion preparations made using the highspeed homogenization method in four formulas with variations in the concentration of green apple fruit extract 5%, 7,5%, 10% and candlenut oil 10%, 7,5%, 5%. The physical quality test of the preparation includes organoleptic test, pH, viscosity, emulsion type, homogeneity, stability, and particle size. The effectiveness test of hair growth on male rats is conducted on the produced nanoemulsion preparations. Results: The green apple fruit powder contain alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tannin, and glycoside compounds. The results of the physical quality test of the nanoemulsion formulation show that the formulation is brown in color, has a distinctive odor, slightly viscous, homogeneous, with a viscosity of 2928.63±1.15- 2964.33±4.44, pH range of 6.6-6.73±0.05, droplet size ranging from 225.89±0.19- 230.61±0.42 nm, and remains stable during storage for 3 months. Nanoemulsion preparations of ethanol extract of green apple fruit and candlenut oil exhibited hair growth activity and hair weight in 3 successive formulas as follows: 1.36±0.17; 1.7±0.11; 1.37±0.21 and 0.17±0.01; 0.18±0.05; 0.15±0.03, in emulsion preparations 0.8±0.2 and 0.1±0.02, in blank preparations 0.43±0.29 and 0.05±0.04. Conclusion: The formulation of green apple extract and candlenut oil into a nanoemulsion has been proven to have hair growth activity. The formula with a concentration of 7.5% green apple extract and 7.5% candlenut oil is the best formula for promoting hair growth.