Kebijakan Politik Pemerintah Hindia-Belanda dan Reaksi Organisasi Islam tentang Pendidikan Islam 1905-1942

Abstract

The most important policy among the products of political policy of the Netherlands East Indies government is its policy on educational politics. Educational politics is not only a part of colonial politics but also the core of political politics. Education in the era of Dutch colonialism was one of the Dutch ways to maintain their colonialism in their colonies. The policy which had been established by the Netherlands East Indies government was ordnance policy of Teachers and Uncivilized schools. This ordinance policy was the policy made by the Netherlands East Indies government; it is aimed to limit education for indigenous people. However, this policy was challenged by the indigenous intellectuals, including the Islamic intellectuals since it harmed the natives. This condition triggered reaction from the Islamic organizations which opposed and asked Netherlands East Indies government for revoking the ordinance policy on Teachers and Uncivilized Schools. This research uses qualitative research method. Its type is descriptive qualitative in which the researcher describes the data as the result of a research. The data are collected by using triangulation method, the combination of the source of data, the researcher, and theories and conducting library research and documentation. This research also uses the theory public policy proposed by William Jenkins in order to find a decision which has been made by a certain government is interrelated to each other and whether they have the intention to reach a success in a policy which has been made by possessing an authority which has certain limitation. A public policy includes organizing an agenda, formulation of a policy, and policy adoption. The result of the research shows that the policies on education of the Netherlands East Indies government is not intended to improve the Indonesian people 's way of thinking; the education is only intended to give an opportunity to indigenous elites who are thought to preserve the Dutch power in Indonesia. This policy on education was made because the Dutch colonial was worried about the advancement of education in its colonies, especially in the Netherlands East Indies. The effect of the implementation of this ordinance policy was because the Dutch colonial was afraid if the educational organizations joined together in opposing the Netherlands East Indies government. It is recommended that Education in Indonesia attempt to get equality in education in which it used to apply class grading according to students ' ages. Meanwhile, the Islamic schools applied educational system under the 'kiayi' (Muslim religious scholar), the Netherlands East Indies government got challenges from various organizations, either the national organizations or the Islamic organizations. They disagreed with the ordinance policy on Teachers and Uncivilized Schools which limited room to maneuver for educated people in instilling nationalism in young generation and this policy restricted for Muslims and halted the Islamic development because Islam was regarded as the inhibiting factor for the Dutch colonial to accomplish their missionary.