Optimalisasi Pemanfaatan Energi Matahari di Wilayah Perairan Danau Toba: Kajian Potensi dan Desain PLTS Terapung dengan Pendekatan Simulasi Menggunakan PVSyst

Abstract

Indonesia, an archipelago of 335 million people, still relies heavily on fossil energy to generate electricity. Meanwhile, fossil energy is the largest contributor to global warming which will have a direct impact on human life. Indonesia has a Net Zero Emission (NZE) target by 2060 and to achieve this target, the shift in fossil energy use must be replaced by clean renewable energy. To overcome this problem, this research proposes the optimization of solar energy utilization in the Lake Toba waters. Lake Toba, which is the largest lake in Indonesia, can be utilized to generate electrical energy using floating solar power plants. This research was conducted using PVsyst software to obtain the optimal design of the floating PLTS system. By comparing the most optimal simulation results, namely looking for the capacity of PV modules, and inverters, to the tilt angle of solar panels, the optimal results were obtained using Silicon-Monocrystaline Bifacial PV modules with a capacity of 570 Wp with a voltage of 36Volt, an inverter with a capacity of 6874 kWac operating at a voltage of 875V-1300V with a PV module tilt angle orientation of 5° and azimuth of -120° facing southwest. The design of this system can produce electrical energy of 2571.6 GWh / year and can reduce carbon emissions by 1,889,179.09 tons/year by utilizing the waters of Lake Toba in the Binangara One area with a water area of 800 ha and a total of 3096873 PV modules used