Gambaran Histologi Ginjal Tikus (Rattus Norvegicus L.) Jantan yang Diberi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sambung Nyawa (Gynura Procumbens (Lour.)Merr.) pada Tikus Model Diabetes

Abstract

Sambung nyawa leaves contain various secondary metabolite compounds such as flavonoids, triterpenoids, polyferols, saponins, steroids, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, vanillac acid, coumaric acid, and para hydroxy benzoate acid. One of these compounds, flavonoids, potential to use as a drug for diabetic nephropathy due to its complications from diabetes. The kidney has an important role including as blood filter and blood sugar levels regulation. The high sugar levels in diabetics can cause disruption and damage to the kidney. The study aimed to determine the effect of giving ethanol extract of sambung nyawa leaves on the morphological and histological structure of the kidney, consisting of shape, color, texture, kidney weight, glomerular area, tubular damage, and also the necrosis that occurs in male rats and to determine the optimal dose of administration of sambung nyawa leaf extract. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 6 treatment groups, which were normal control (K-), diabetic control (K+), Metformin treatment (P1), and three treatment groups which are one with ethanol extract of sambung nyawa leaves at a dose of 100 mg/KgBW (P1), and the others are 150 mg/KgBW (P2) and 200 mg/KgBW (P3) for 14 days long. After the treatment, the rats were dissected and the kidney organs were weighed and observed morphologically then samples preparation were made by Hematoxilyn and Eosin (HE) staining. The results of observations on kidney morphology showed an effect on the color, texture and weight of the kidney, which is significantly different (p<0.005). The results of kidney histology also show an effect on the size of the glomerular diameter, tubular damage and necrosis by a significant difference (p<0.005). The last, the ethanol extract of sambung hidup leaves at a dose of 200 mg/kgBW give a significantly different effect on the size of the glomerular diameter, tubular damage and necrosis.