Analisis Kadar Hidrokuinon pada Losion Pemutih Badan dan Tangan yang Dijual di Kota Medan dengan Metode Spektrofotometri Ultraviolet

Abstract

Background: Hand and body lotion whitening is one of the cosmetics that is commonly used to cure skin and give it a white appearance. One active ingredient with the ability to regulate pigmentation was hydroquinone. Hydroquinone is classified as a prescription medication, hence using it in cosmetics is strictly forbidden according to BPOM Regulation Number 17 of 2022. Because the hydroquinone in hand and body lotion whitening has chromophore and ausochrome groups in its chemical structure, the hydroquinone levels in the product can be identified using ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Objective: The aim of this research was to use ultraviolet spectrophotometry to determine and measure the amount of hydroquinone present in hand and body whitening lotions available in Medan City. Method: This research was descriptive research by used a purposive sample technique. Thin Layer Chromatography was used for the qualitative analysis, while the UV spectrophotometry method, with a wavelength of 294 nm, was used for the quantitative analysis. Results: The standard Rf of hydroquinone was 0.3 in the qualitative analysis results, with samples A, B, C, D, and E each was 0.28, 0.18, 0.17, 0.28, and 0.27. According to the findings, samples A, D, and E were positive for hydroquinone. The maximum wavelength was 294 nm, regression equation for determining levels y = 0.02911428 x + 0.00497619. The accuracy 91.91%-95.57%, precision 1.87%, limit of detection 0.4620 μg/mL and limit of quantitation 1.4002 μg/mL. Hydroquinone levels in samples A, D, and E were 2,44±0,16%, 2,02±0,64%, and 3,38±0,06%. Conclusion: Samples A, D, and E were positive for hydroquinone and the levels of hydroquinone were obtained in certain amounts.