Analisis Sebaran Rusa Sambar (Rusa unicolor) Menggunakan Maximum Entropy di Provinsi Sumatera Utara, Indonesia

Abstract

Indonesia has high biodiversity, in Sumatra and Kalimantan can be found Sambar Deer (R. unicolor). Currently, R. unicolor is included in the IUCN red list Vurnerable status as well as the list of species that must be protected in PerMenLHK P.20/MENLHK/SETJEN /KUM.1/12/2018. Research about the distribution of R. unicolor on the island of Sumatra, specifically North Sumatra Province, has never been done. This research uses the Maximum Entropy modeling method, In this modeling the coordinates of R. unicolor were collected from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility website and the results of the Batang Gadis National Park survey, as well as collecting data on environmental variables that are thought to affect the presence of R. unicolor such as Bioclimatic, Land Cover, Road Network, Elevation, Distance to Water Source and Slope. Predictions of R. unicolor distribution were made for 2000 and 2020. The results show that sambar deer are distributed in the northern, western and southern. Areas that have a high probability of sambar deer being found are Langkat, Mandailing Natal, Tapanuli Selatan and Tapanuli Tengah. In the 20-year period from 2000 to 2020 the distribution of R. unicolor in North Sumatra has changed. In 2000, the area that was very suitable as a sambar deer habitat was 1.13% of the area of North Sumatra and in 2020 it decreased to 0.144%. Environmental factors that contribute greatly to the suitability of R. unicolor habitat are Bio 13, Distance to road, and Bio 18.