Potensi Fungi Endofit dari Kemenyan Toba (Styrax sumatrana) Asal Aek Nauli sebagai Pelarut Fosfat dan Perombak Selulosa

Abstract

Kemenyan toba (Styrax sumatrana) is one of the native tree species of North Sumatra and widely distributed in Tapanuli and Dairi. In its growth process, Kemenyan produce resin that can be utilize as pharmacological source and industry. Together with the growth, Kemenyan toba will form a symbiosis with endophytic fungi. Endophytic fungi are capable of producing compounds similar to those produced by their host. This research aims to identify the types of endophytic fungi from kemenyan toba and its potential utilization as phosphate solubilizers and cellulose decomposers. The tested fungal isolates are collections from the Soil Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sumatera Utara. The potential of endophytic fungi as phosphate solubilizers is tested using Pikovskaya media, while the potential as cellulose decomposers is tested using Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) media. The identification results of endophytic fungi from leaf isolates belong to the genus Aspergillus. Meanwhile, endophytic fungi from the stem bark were found in the genera Aspergillus, Cunninghamella, and Arthrinium. The formation of clear zones in the tested isolates indicates that Kemenyan toba has the potential as a phosphate solubilizer and cellulose decomposer. The phosphate solubility index from leaves ranges from 2.72 to 4.87 with medium to high criteria and from bark in the genus Aspergillus ranges from 2.90 to 4.7 with medium to high categories; in the genus Arthrinium, it is 3.94 with a medium category; and in the genus Cunninghamella, it is 4.46 and 4.54 with high categories. Meanwhile, the cellulolytic index from leaves ranges from 0.79 to 2.34 with low to high criteria and from bark in the genus Aspergillus ranges from 0.76 to 2.73 with low to high categories; in the genus Arthrinium, it is 0.67 with a low category; and in the genus Cunninghamella, it is 1.22 (medium) and 0.78 (low).