Deteksi dan Pola Perambahan Kawasan Hutan Mangrove Menggunakan Citra Satelit Sentinel 2 di Lubuk Kertang Kabupaten Langkat

Abstract

Encroachment that occurs in the Lubuk Kertang mangrove forest area shows a negative value where the area of the mangrove ecosystem has decreased every year. The research objectives were to calculate the area of encroachment, analyze the spatial characteristics of encroachment, and analyze the metric landscape of the Lubuk Kertang mangrove forest encroachment class. This research was conducted from September 2023 to January 2024. The results of land cover classification showed 8 types of land cover, namely encroachment, water bodies, mangroves, rice fields, oil palm, open land, roads and settlements. Encroachment occurred in planting areas in 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 and natural forest with a total encroachment area of 161.98 ha. Measured distances from rivers and roads are lower than distances from settlements and rice fields. The results show that the parameters of distance from roads and distance from settlements are positively correlated with the area of encroachment. The metric landscape of the encroachment class shows that the Lubuk Kertang mangrove forest area is experiencing fragmentation, which is characterized by an increase in the area of the core area of the encroachment class, the value of fragmentation, the number of patches, and a decrease in the value of the average size of the patch, the average size index of the patch, the form of connection between patches and the distribution pattern of the encroachment class. The pattern of encroachment occurs in clusters, which shows the nature of community encroachment, which chooses mangroves with an earlier planting period, meaning that they have a larger diameter, and mangroves that have a high density as seen from the NDVI value.