Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Daya Saing Cengkeh Indonesia di Pasar Internasional

Abstract

Indonesia is a major producer and exporter of cloves in the international market. The volume of clove production in Indonesia has generally increased over the past 21 years. However, the competitiveness of Indonesian cloves faces various complex and dynamic challenges. This study aims to: 1) Analyze the comparative and competitive advantages of Indonesian cloves in the international market; 2) Analyze the factors affecting the competitiveness of Indonesian cloves in the international market. This study employs the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Symmetric Revealed Comparative Advantage (SRCA) approaches to analyze comparative advantage, Export Product Dynamics (EPD) and Constant Market Share (CMS) analyses to analyze competitive advantage, and Generalized Least Squares (GLS) on panel data to analyze the factors influencing the competitiveness of Indonesian cloves. The RCA and SRCA analyses indicate that Indonesian cloves have a comparative advantage and a competitive advantage, as shown by their position as a rising star in the EPD analysis. The growth in Indonesian clove exports is not due to competitiveness but rather the market distribution effect in the CMS analysis. The panel data analysis for all export commodities shows that FDI and export volume have a positive and significant effect, consumption per capita and the duration of joining an FTA have a positive but not significant effect, GDP per capita has a negative and significant effect, and production has a negative but not significant effect on competitiveness. Sectorally, FDI, consumption per capita, and export volume have a positive and significant effect on competitiveness, the duration of joining an FTA has a negative and significant effect, and GDP per capita and production have a negative but not significant effect on the competitiveness of Indonesian cloves.