Kajian Penggunaan Instrumen Saxophone dalam Tradisi Musik Adat Masyarakat Batak Toba di Kota Medan

Abstract

The distribution of the Saxophone instrument has undergone significant development in the repertoire of popular music internationally since the end of the 19th century. The Saxophone instrument is an instrument originating from Europe which is classified into the woodwind group. The colonialism and missionary era in the Batak Toba community resulted in cultural changes, one of which was a change in musical culture. The Batak Toba community initially used traditional ensembles in traditional music, but with the development of the wind ensemble era, one of which was the Saxophone, it was used as the traditional music of the Batak Toba community in Medan City. The theory used is the theory of cultural change, the theory of social change and musical aesthetics. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques using interviews, observation and documentation. The results of the study show that the use of the Saxophone in traditional music is one way for the Medan City community to preserve culture by renewing the traditional music used. Traditional music using the Saxophone is one of the choices for the Batak Toba community, especially for those who use traditional music in the presentation of traditional music because the Saxophone is a flexible instrument for genres so that it can adapt to various musical styles. Saxophone in its presentation contains elements of expressiveness allowing players to express deep emotions and nuances in their performances and this adds to the visual appeal and entertainment. In terms of musical function, the use of Saxophone in traditional music is also used as a lead melody replacing sulim or hasapi and Saxophone is also used for "mambunga-bungai" or providing variations of the melody of the repertoire presented. The dynamics of the development of Saxophone cannot be separated from the development of wind music (Brass) in the Batak Toba Community. This is the result of cultural change to produce an innovation and to carry out a dynamic culture. In the development of wind music, the most frequently used instrument is the Saxophone because it has timbre and is used as a substitute for ensemble melody instruments