| dc.description.abstract | This research examines the use of language politeness by tourism service actors in the Lake Toba area. The method used is a phenomenological paradigm by utilizing language politeness theory with a sociopragmatic approach. This approach is used to explain in detail the markers, principles, strategies and hierarchy of language politeness used by tourism service actors. The data collection methods used were observation or field notes, recording, questionnaires and in-depth interviews. The data that has been collected is analyzed in an inculturation manner using contextual methods and the matching and agih method. Next, the data were analyzed using politeness principle analysis using Leech's theory (1983), language politeness strategies using Brown and Levinson's theory (1987). In cross-cultural politeness studies as a reference and comparison, researchers use Yassin's theory (2011; 2017) which is the result of adaptation and development of the B&L (1978, 1987) and Scolon & Scolon (1983, 1995) politeness theories.
Based on the data that has been analyzed, it was found that the use of politeness markers by tourism actors in the Lake Toba area includes: politeness markers for greeting, offering help, politeness markers for approval, politeness markers for asking, instructing, politeness markers for refusing, apologizing, giving advice, giving praise, inform, thank you. Furthermore, tourism service actors use positive and negative strategies. Positive strategies include (1) SKP1: paying attention, wants and needs MT (2) SKP10: offers, promises; (3) SKP2: giving praise (4) SKP3: intensifying interest in MT; (5) SKP15: giving gifts to MT; (6) SKP5: maximizing agreement; (7) SKP9: agree with MT's opinion; (8) SKP11: be optimistic; (9) SKP12: involving MT in speaker activities; (10) SKP6: avoid conflict; (11) SKP4: using group identity markers; (12) SKP13: give and ask for reasons; (13) SKP8: joking; (14) SKP 7 equates views (15) SKP14: assumes equality of action Furthermore, negative politeness strategies used by tourism actors include (1) SKN5: giving respect; (3) SKN6: apologize (4) SKN3: nominalization; (5) SKN4: minimize coercion and action; (5) SKN6: places FTA as a generally applicable rule; (6) SKN3: pessimistic; (7) SKN7: impersonalize the speaker with MT; (8) SKN1: states indirectly (10) SKN10: states clearly that the MT action is very valuable for the speaker.
The configuration of language politeness by tourism actors in the Lake Toba area includes politeness (-K,+J,-Kr), (-K,+J,+Kr), (-K,-J,-Kr), (-K ,-J,+Kr), (+K,+J,-Kr) and (+K,+J,+Kr) The use of this configuration is of course influenced by the conversation situation. The results of the research show that there are differences in the linguistic hierarchy used by tourism service providers for local and foreign tourists. For local tourists, for local tourists, tourism service providers try to shorten the distance and use kinship markers as an effort to get closer to the person they are talking to. It was found that the use of regional kinship greetings such as lae, eda, inang and bone were used to honor and familiarize oneself. It's different when talking to foreign tourists, they don't use kinship greetings. The greetings they use tend to be formal and general. Apart from that, there are differences and similarities in the use of language politeness by tourism service actors towards foreign tourists and foreign tourists. Towards foreign tourists, tourism service providers tend to answer in an effective, short and straightforward manner. | en_US |
