Karakterisasi Morfologi dan Molekuler Penyebab Penyakit Busuk Pangkal Batang pada Tanaman Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) di Unit Kebun Balai Benih Adolina Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai Sumatera Utara

Abstract

Indonesia is an agricultural country with quite extensive plantations. One of Indonesia's leading plantations commodities is palm oil. North Sumatra, with a land area of 1.39 million hectares, is capable of producing 4.75 million tons of palm oil. The productivity of oil palm plants is influenced by several factors, one of which is basal stem rot disease caused by Ganoderma spp. The aim of this research was to morphologically and molecularly characterize Ganoderma, which infects oil palm plants in the Adolina Seed Center, Serdang Bedagai Regency, North Sumatra. The research began by collecting Ganoderma fruit bodies in the field, isolating them to produce pure cultures, characterization of fruit body morphology, macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular characterization. This research was carried out from September 2023 to March 2024. The research began with determining the location of sampling, exploration and isolation of Ganoderma spp. fungi, maintenance of pure cultures, morphological characterization of isolates (macroscopic and microscopic), as well as molecular characterization (DNA extraction of Ganoderma spp.) and PCR (polymerase chain reaction) amplification. Based on the results of research on the identification of fruit body morphology that causes stem rot disease in oil palm plants in the Adolina seed center, macroscopic observations of fruit bodies in Block AD-02 and Block AD-04 have quite high diversity. Meanwhile, microscopic observations of fruit bodies in Block AD-02 and Block AD-04 showed that the seven samples were similar. The results of molecular analysis using the PCR method and phylogenetic analysis showed that the seven fungal isolates that cause stem rot disease in oil palm plants in the Adolina Seed Center were identified and had a close relationship with isolates of G. boninense and Ganoderma sp.