Deskripsi Proses Pembuatan dan Teknik Permainan Gendang Marwas Melayu oleh Perajin Sanggar Bedelau di Kelurahan Sungai Apit, Kecamatan Sungai Apit, Kabupaten Siak, Provinsi Riau

Abstract

This study examines the process of making and playing techniques of the traditional musical instrument Gendang Marwas, which is a typical cultural heritage of the Siak Malay community, Riau. The criteria for selecting raw materials and the manufacturing process and playing technique of the Marwas drum are the focus of this research. This study uses a qualitative method approach with data collection techniques carried out by observation, interviews, literature studies, and direct documentation at the Bedelau Studio in Sungai Apit Village, Sungai Apit District, Siak Regency, Riau Province. In this study, the author uses 4 theories that support the research object. The theories used are the theory of musical instrument classification systems by Curt Such, then the theory of structural and functional approaches by Shusumu Khasima, then the theory of Physical and Verbal Behavior by Alan. P. Merriam and the theory of transcription and describing sounds by Bruno Nettl. The results of the study show that Marwas musical instruments are classified as Membranophone – Frame - Double Headed classification. In making Marwas, the resource person used the Terentang type of wood, However, in this study, the resource person used the Terentang type of wood, on the grounds that the wood is tougher, sturdier, and not easily broken when falling. The skin used for making Marwas is using female goat skin because the texture produced from female goat skin is softer. Marwas is played by hitting the membrane using the hand with three types of sound colors produced, such as: Tung punch (Low Sound), then there is Tak punch (High Sound), and the third punch is the Pak punch or Senting punch (the Highest Punch). This Senting punch uses greater hand strength than Tung and Tak's punches. The Marwas musical instrument functions as an accompaniment and carrier of the typical Siak Malay Zapin music and dance ritual along with Gambus Selodang.