Pengaruh Jenis dan Ukuran Bahan Baku Penghasil Zat Warna Alami terhadap Perubahan Warna

Abstract

Synthetic dye waste is one of various environmental pollution problems. Excessive use of synthetic dyes can also cause health problems for humans. Based on these problems, natural dyes have been recommended as environmentally and health-friendly dyes because their natural component content has a relatively low pollution value. Many types of plants can be used as raw materials to produce natural dyes. This research aims to analyze the color produced from four types of plants that contain natural dyes, namely teak leaves (Tectona grandis) which produce a reddish brown color, ketapang leaves (Terminalia catappa) which produce a greenish yellow color, mahogany leaves (Switenia macrophylla) which produce brown color, and guava leaves (Psidium guajava) which produce a brown color. The method used is simple, namely by extracting raw materials that produce natural dyes with 2 different treatments, namely large (whole leaves), medium (leaves cut crosswise with a width of 3-4 cm), and small (leaves chopped with a width of 1 cm), then the extraction results are applied to cotton cloth. The results of the research on the color retention test obtained an average value ranging between 2.27%-6.71%, in the color difference test the value ranged between 13.98%-45.07%, the average value of color fastness in the washing test ranged from between 2.38%-9.36%, and in the drying test it was between 1.64%-9.52%. Based on the analysis of various types of ketapang leaves and the treatment of large raw material sizes, this is the best treatment.