Pengaruh Perbandingan Biochar Tongkol Jagung, Jakaba dan Pupuk Anorganik terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Jagung (Zea mays L.) Varietas NK 6501

Abstract

This research was conducted at the Syngenta Learning Center in Pertumbuken Village, Tiga Binanga District, Karo Regency, North Sumatra from September to November 2022. This research used a non-factorial Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) which was repeated in 3 repetitions with 8 treatments, namely: T1 : Basic Fertilizer 1 ton/ha (Phonska 450 kg, Urea 450 kg, KCl 100 kg), T2 : Basic Fertilizer (Rekommended PUTK) 650 kg/ha (Urea 400 kg, KCl 75 kg, SP-36 175 kg), T3 : Biochar 1500 kg/ha + Basic Fertilizer 1 ton/ha (Phonska 450 kg, Urea 450 kg, KCl 100 kg), T4: Biochar 1500 kg/ha + Basic Fertilizer 500 kg/ha (Phonska 225 kg, Urea 225 kg, KCl 50 kg), T5 : Jakaba 3 L/ha + Basic Fertilizer 1 ton/ha (Phonska 450 kg, Urea 450 kg, KCl 100 kg), T6 : Jakaba 3 L/ha + Basic Fertilizer 500 kg/ha (Phonska 225 kg, Urea 225 kg, KCl 50 kg), T7: Biochar 1500 kg/ha + jakaba 3 L/ha + Basic Fertilizer 1 ton/ha (Phonska 450 kg, Urea 450 kg, KCl 100 kg), T8: Biochar 1500 kg/ha + Jakaba 3 L/ha + Basic Fertilizer 500 kg/ha (Phonska 225 kg, Urea 225 kg, KCl 50 kg). The research results showed that corn cob biochar provided the best results in terms of corn growth and production, including the parameters of plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, total leaf area, length of corn cobs without husks, dry weight of roots, weight of 1000 seeds, weight of sample seeds, weight plot seeds, and harvest index. Jakaba (perennial lucky mushroom) gives the best results in terms of growth and production of corn, including the parameters pLength of husk corn cob, diameter of husk corn cob, weight of husk corn cob, length of corn cob without husk, diameter of corn cob without husk, weight of corn cob without husk, corn shoot dry weight, and shoot/root ratio. Inorganic fertilizers provide adequate results but are not as good as corn cob biochar and Jakaba. Continuous use of inorganic fertilizers can cause a long-term decline in soil quality, which in turn can reduce plant productivity. Although inorganic fertilizers are able to support plant growth, the harvest index is lower because plants may allocate more photosynthate to vegetative growth than to seed production. The best results were at T3 on the parameters of 1000 seed weight and sample seed weight, namely the provision of 1500 kg/ha biochar + 1 ton/ha inorganic fertilizer (Phonska 450 kg, Urea 450 kg, KCl 100 kg) and T6 on the parameters of corn cobs without husks, namely Jakaba 3 L/ha + 500 kg/ha inorganic fertilizer (Phonska 225 kg, Urea 225 kg, KCl 50 kg)