Analisis Tataniaga Ikan Teri Nasi di Daerah Industri PPS (Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera) Belawan

Abstract

Rice anchovy (Stolephorus sp) is a type of rice anchovy which has an economical selling price compared to other types of anchovy. Medan Nasi Anchovies are one of the superior marine products owned by North Sumatra Province, this is supported by the superior quality in terms of size and brightness of color of the anchovies. Therefore, the Medan Anchovy Rice product has become an iconic symbol for souvenirs typical of the city of Medan. However, there is a problem in terms of the quite high price difference received by anchovy entrepreneurs and at the final consumer level. The aim of this research is to analyze the shape of the channel, the size of the margin and the level of efficiency and market structure of the trading system for anchovy fish originating from the Belawan PPS industrial area. This research data was collected by direct field surveys and interviews using questionnaires with 10 fishermen and 12 traders as respondents. The method used in this research is qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis, qualitative descriptive analysis to determine the analysis of the form of trading channels, analysis of the functions of trading actors, the form of market structure and analysis of information and quality of anchovies. Quantitative methods are used to look at production costs, margins, efficiency levels and farmer's share of anchovy. The results of this research show that the total cost of producing anchovies is Rp 5.990.710/once at sea. The trading system for anchovy fish has 4 trading channel patterns, channel I (Anchovy businessman – Collecting Trader I – Wholesaler I – Retailer I – Consumer), Channel II (Anchovy fish entrepreneur – Collecting Trader II – Retailer II – Wholesaler – Consumer), Channel III (Anchovy fish entrepreneurs – Collecting traders III – Consumers), Channel IV (Anchovy rice entrepreneurs – Collecting traders III – Wholesalers II – Consumers). In each institution a different market structure is formed. The market structure at the anchovy fish entrepreneur level is an oligopoly market, the market structure at the collector level is a perfect competition market, the market structure at the wholesaler level is a perfect competition market, the market structure at the retailer level is a monopolistic market, the market structure at the stall level wholesale, namely approaching an oligopoly market. Based on the results of the sales analysis, it shows that the most efficient sales channel is channel IV with a margin value of Rp 30,000 and a farmer's share value of 81.81%. The share of anchovy entrepreneurs in these four channels is considered efficient because the value of the farmer's share in each channel is greater than 50%.