Efektivitas Hidrogel Ekstrak Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC) 25% terhadap Jumlah Sel Fibroblas pada Penyembuhan Model Periodontitis Tikus Wistar (in vivo)

Abstract

Periodontitis is a periodontal disease caused by bacterial plaque on the tooth surface, characterized by inflammation in the supporting tissues of the teeth, leading to progressive damage, marked by gingival recession, increased pocket depth, or both. Supportive treatment for periodontitis generally focuses on controlling inflammation and infection through the administration of antibiotics or anti-inflammatory drugs. A 25% extract of andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC) in the form of a hydrogel has been researched and shown to contain compounds with strong anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, as well as the ability to stimulate cell proliferation in tissue healing. Efforts beyond controlling infection and inflammation involve enhancing fibroblast proliferation and function, which has the potential to stimulate tissue growth and improve the outcomes of periodontal treatment healing. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of applying 25% andaliman extract hydrogel in increasing fibroblast cell count during the healing process of Wistar rat periodontitis models. This study was an experimental laboratory study conducted in vivo using a post-test only control group design. The research sample consisted of 36 male Wistar rats, which were induced with periodontitis for 14 days through ligation techniques, followed by bacterial suspension injection of Porphyromonas gingivalis on day 7 and ligature removal on day 14. The rats were divided into three treatment groups: one group was given 25% andaliman extract hydrogel, a second group was given Ti-eS Metronidazole Gel® as a positive control, and a third group received a hydrogel without active ingredients (placebo) as a negative control. The rats that received each treatment were euthanized on days 1, 3, and 7, and their healing was assessed clinically through the gingival index, bleeding on probing, pocket depth, and histologically by counting the number of fibroblasts. The results showed that the 25% andaliman extract hydrogel significantly reduced the gingival index, bleeding on probing, pocket depth, and increased the average percentage of fibroblast cells compared to the placebo group (p<0.05). In conclusion, the 25% andaliman extract hydrogel was effective in accelerating tissue healing in the wistar rat periodontitis model.