Pembuatan Bahan Biomaterial Berbasis Hidroksiapatit Limbah Cangkang Kerang Kepah (Polymesoda Erosa) dengan Metode Presipitasi Double Stirring dan Karakterisasinya

Abstract

Research has been carried out on the synthesis of hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials from the shell waste of crab shells (Polymesoda Erosa) in the Belawan Mangrove Forest area which aims to synthesize hydroxyapatite (HAp) and characterize it against the effect of sintering temperatures of 800°C, 900°C, and 1000°C with the double stirring precipitation method. The results of XRF analysis show the dominance of the element Ca by 65.30% and the CaO compound by 53.762%, as well as other contents such as the element Si by 14.143% with the compound SiO₂ 21.757%, the element Al by 13.10 with the compound Al₂O₃ 18.842%, and the element P by 1.08% with the compound P₂O₅ (1.698%). XRD characterization shows a hexagonal crystal structure with an increase in the degree of crystallinity as the sintering temperature increases from 16.74%, 21.33 and 29.62%, with crystal sizes of 31.8 nm; 31.03 nm; 58.44 nm which meet the standards of biomaterial standards. FTIR test identified the functional groups OH⁻, CO₃²⁻, and PO₄³⁻, which is dominated by PO₄³⁻ group. SEM-EDX test showed the distribution of the main elements namely Ca (marked in orange) and P (marked in yellow) which spread evenly throughout the hydroxyapatite (HAp) surface making it suitable for biomedical applications image. The resulting Ca/P molar ratios are 1.47, 1.70, and 1.50. Ca/P ratios of 1.47 and 1.50 produce tricalcium phosphate hydroxyapatite which has higher resorbable properties suitable for bone regeneration applications and biomedical needs.