Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Petai Cina (Leucaena Glauca (L)) Terhadap Enzim Superoksidase Dismutase Sebagai Biomarker Antioksidan Pada Model Tikus Wistar Diabetes Melitus

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by high blood glucose levels or hyperglycemia. It promotes the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), containing free radicals and reactive molecules leading to oxidative stress. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), an endogenous antioxidant enzyme, neutralize free radicals to protect cells and DNA from oxidative stress damage. However, endogenous protection may decrease, necessitating additional exogenous antioxidants. Petai cina leaves contain flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and alkaloids, potentially acting as exogenous antioxidants supporting SOD production and protect from oxidative damage. This study aimed to determine the effect of petai cina (Leucaena glauca (L)) leaf extract 600 mg/kgBW on reducing blood glucose, analyze its effect on increasing SOD activity, and assess both correlations. This study used a true experimental method with a post-test-only control group design. Testing was conducted using blood samples from male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced with alloxan. The negative control group (K-) CMC-Na (Groups I and IV), the positive control group (K+) astaxanthin (Groups III and VI), and the treatment group (K1) petai cina leaf extract 600 mg/kgBW (Groups II and IV). Observations were made on days 14 (Groups I, II, and III) and 21 (Groups IV, V, and VI) by measuring blood glucose and SOD levels. Comparisons of blood glucose before and after alloxan induction and therapy, were analyzed using paired t-tests. Comparisons of SOD levels between groups on days 14 and 21 were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. The correlation between blood glucose and SOD was analyzed using Pearson and Spearman correlation tests. The results showed that the administration of petai cina leaf extract did not significantly reduce blood glucose or increase SOD levels on days 14 and 21 (p > 0.05). The correlation between blood glucose and SOD showed a moderate inverse relationship that was not statistically significant (p > 0.05).