Hubungan Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Terkontrol dan Tidak Terkontrol dengan Kandidiasis oral di RS Prof. dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that weakens the immune system, causing not only systemic complications but also oral complications, such as oral candidiasis. The risk of oral candidiasis increases due to high glucose levels, low salivary secretion, and reduced immunity in diabetes mellitus patients. This study aims to determine the relationship between controlled and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and oral candidiasis, as well as its types. The research method was descriptive-analytic with a cross-sectional approach, involving 144 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at the Internal Medicine Clinic of Prof. dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis Hospital. Demographic data were collected through interviews, while HbA1c levels were obtained from the latest blood glucose examination in the medical records. Oral candidiasis was diagnosed through clinical oral examinations using disposable mouth mirrors and wooden tongue depressors. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test. The results showed that most subjects were aged 50-59 years (82.6%) and the majority were female (59%). A total of 85 subjects (59%) had uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Oral candidiasis was found in 61 subjects (42.4%), with pseudomembranous candidiasis being the most common type (70.5%). A significant relationship was observed between controlled and uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus and oral candidiasis (p=0.002, p<0.05). However, there was no significant relationship between controlled and uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus and the type of oral candidiasis (p=0.816, p>0.05). In conclusion, controlled and uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus is significantly associated with oral candidiasis at Prof. dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis Hospital.