Profil Xerostomia pada Pasien Lansia di Rumah Sakit Gigi dan Mulut Universitas Sumatera Utara Tahun 2024

Abstract

Xerostomia, a prevalent concern among the elderly, can significantly impact oral health and overall quality of life. The rising incidence of xerostomia in the elderly has garnered attention from the World Health Organization (WHO) as a pressing issue. This research aims to delineate the characteristics of xerostomia among elderly patients at Rumah Sakit Gigi dan Mulut Universitas Sumatera Utara in 2024. The study employed a descriptive approach with a cross-sectional methodology. Data collection involved questionnaires and analysis based on demographic factors, medical history, habits, and psychological state assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). The severity of xerostomia was evaluated using the Summated Xerostomia Inventory (SXI-ID), complemented by unstimulated saliva samples to measure salivary flow rates. Data processing was conducted using computerized systems and presented in tabular form. A cohort of 40 elderly individuals aged 55 years and above, selected during the period from July to August based on inclusion criteria, participated as research subjects. Findings indicated a higher prevalence of xerostomia in the 55-65 age bracket. The majority of patients reported moderate xerostomia (52.5%) and exhibited reduced saliva production (75%). A subset of patients (22.5%) had a history of systemic illnesses, with diabetes mellitus being the most prevalent (15%). Moreover, 25% of patients reported regular medication intake, predominantly antihypertensive drugs (15%). Approximately 60% of participants engaged in a lifestyle involving the consumption of caffeinated beverages, while 82.5% experienced mild stress levels. The study concluded that xerostomia in the elderly can stem from various risk factors including systemic conditions, medication use, lifestyle choices, and psychological well-being.